Dissertation Nursing is an open access, double blind, peer reviewed journal publishing original research and review performed by nursing's students at every level of graduation. Research papers concerning nursing science carried out by nursing professionals are also accepted.
The F. Olgiati school for nursing management leaders: a historical analysis of the cultural and professional education of nurse leaders in Italy. A research protocol
BACKGROUND. Nursing education in Italy has a long tradition that developed through several key stages. The “scuole dirette a fini speciali” (special-purpose nursing schools) represent a paradigmatic example of this evolution and played a crucial role in the process of professionalization. Despite their historical importance, the literature still lacks a systematic and comprehensive analysis, with significant gaps concerning the historical context, the key figures involved, and the educational curricula. Moreover, the Italian experience has never been adequately framed within a broader international comparative perspective. AIMS. To examine, through a rigorous historical approach, the role of the School for Nursing Management Leaders (“Scuola speciale per Dirigenti dell’Assistenza Infermieristica” – Scuola DAI) at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Rome. The objective is to document its contribution to the development of education, competencies and the professional role of nurse leaders in Italy. METHODS. Historical research will be conducted following the methodology proposed by Lewenson (2015). This includes the analysis of archival documents, primary and secondary sources, regulations, curricula, institutional correspondence and contemporaneous materials. Data will be critically appraised and triangulated to ensure historical validity and methodological rigor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. The expected results include a detailed and critical reconstruction of the history of the “Scuola speciale per Dirigenti dell'Assistenza Infermieristica”, highlighting its innovative contribution to the professionalization and academic development of nurse managers and educators. This study will provide an essential knowledge base for understanding the historical roots of nursing leadership in Italy and for informing future professional policies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Caterina Galletti, Antonello Cocchieri, Chiara Mastroianni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Narrative Reviews in Italian Nursing Students’ Research: between aspiration and rigour
Nel contesto della formazione infermieristica italiana, le revisioni narrative della letteratura sono sempre state un punto di partenza condiviso sul territorio nazionale. Tuttavia, la loro natura metodologicamente flessibile le rende spesso un terreno scivoloso per i neofiti della ricerca. L’editoriale analizza criticamente un campione di trenta revisioni narrative presentate alla rivista Dissertation Nursing tra il 2022 e il 2024, evidenziando limiti metodologici, stilistici e di contenuto. Emergono pratiche comuni come l’ibridazione confusa con revisioni sistematiche, l’uso scorretto di strumenti strutturati senza adeguata giustificazione, e un deficit nella riflessione critica. A ciò si aggiungono stili di scrittura inadatti e un generale eccesso descrittivo a discapito della costruzione di senso scientifico. L’articolo mette in discussione l’efficacia formativa delle revisioni narrative come primo approccio alla ricerca e propone un ripensamento didattico e operativo per valorizzare questo strumento, evitando che diventi un semplice esercizio accademico privo di reale impatto scientifico.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mauro Parozzi; Paolo Ferrara, Anne Destrebecq, Stefano Terzoni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Why do students drop out of nursing degrees? A regional survey with mixed methods design
Background In recent years, Italy has experienced a decline in interest in the nursing profession, accompanied by a university dropout rate affecting approximately 20% of students. Objectives This study investigates the causes of dropout from Bachelor's Degree Programs in Nursing (CdLI) in the Emilia-Romagna region and collects students’ suggestions to address the issue. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was adopted. The study, conducted across CdLI programs in Emilia-Romagna (April 2024–March 2025), involved first- and second-year students, as well as current and former students with dropout experience. Data were collected through validated online questionnaires and interviews. Results A total of 377 students participated in the quantitative phase (mean age: 24.1±6.9 years; 79.3% women). While 45.6% had never considered dropping out, more than half reported having contemplated it at least once. The highest scores on the Motivation Scale for Nursing Students were found in the intrinsic motivation domain (26.3±3.6), which was significantly associated with a lower intention to leave the program. Thematic analysis identified five critical areas: heavy academic workload, organizational rigidity, negative emotional reactions, practical and financial difficulties, and reconsideration of career choice. Integration of quantitative and qualitative data revealed consistency, confirming that intrinsic motivation and adequate support are key protective factors. Conclusions Dropout from nursing degree programs poses a challenge to the sustainability of the profession. The findings highlight the need for structural interventions and an inclusive academic culture to foster student well-being and resilience, which are essential for the training of motivated and well-prepared healthcare professionals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Domenica Gazineo, Federica Contaldo, Fernando Rizzello, Stefano Bastianini, Milena Spadola, Stefano Volpato, Simone Vincenzi, Cristina Loss, Sara Gasparetto, Stefano Luminari, Giovanna Amaducci, Daniele Mecugni, Elena Giovanna Bignami, Cinzia Merlini, Pietro Giurdanella, Lea Godino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Nurses' knowledge of the italian ministerial recommendation no. 4 (MR4) on the prevention of patient suicide in hospitals: a pilot study
BACKGROUND: healthcare companies are responsible for preventing patient suicide in hospital through the development of protocols that implement Ministerial Recommendation No. 4 (MR4) of the Ministry of Health, 2008. In Italy there are no assessment scales that investigate the level of knowledge of MR4. Aim: Toassess the evaluation of the level of nurses' knowledge of MR4. METHODS: Pilot study conducted in the period between November 2023 and December 2023 in a sample of nurses. The questionnaire consisted of 8 questions that investigated the level of knowledge of MR4. RESULTS: 141 eligible nurses participated in the questionnaire (90.4%). Of these, 36.9% were aged between 30 and 40 years and 48 interviewees had less than 10 years of work experience. The Cronbach alpha of the scale was 0.486. 62.4% of the sample had a good level of knowledge of the MR4. The risk of not knowing the MR4 was significantly high for subjects over 50 years of age (RR = 1.86; CI = 1.04 - 3.34; p = .034); similarly, the risk of not knowing the MR4 was quite high for subjects with more than 30 years of service (RR = 1.80; CI = 0.89 - 3.65; p = .101). CONCLUSIONS: although the instrument would require a more in-depth review for greater reliability, the level of knowledge of the MR4 was optimal; the critical issues that emerged concern nurses with advanced age and work experience. There is an urgent need to experiment with training strategies for the prevention of patient suicide in hospital.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maurizio Calamita, Donatella D'Accolti, Carmela Marseglia, Carmela Fiore, Stefania Crescenza Pietanza, Salvatore Grasso, Livio Melpignano, Antonio Pisciotta, Laura Pagliari, Noemi Chiumarolo, Vito Muschitiello https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
43° Congresso Nazionale SIAN - 12, 13, 14 Maggio 2025, Rimini
ABSTRACTS of the 43th SIAN (Society of Nephrology Area Nurses) National Congress held on May 12, 13, 14th 2025, in Rimini, Italy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sian Italia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Prevalence, Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of Readiness for Enhanced Health Literacy Among Unaccompanied Adolescent Male Migrants
Background Migration to Europe has surged due to recent crises, creating healthcare challenges for Unaccompanied Foreign Minors (UAFMs). The Balkan corridor, with Italy as a key entry point, highlights barriers like language and cultural differences that hinder healthcare access. Methods This study assessed the prevalence of "Readiness for Enhanced Health Literacy" (REHL) NANDA-I nursing diagnosis (code 00262) among 185 male UAFMs and explored its defining characteristics and predictors. Findings A 36.8% prevalence of REHL was found, with higher rates among individuals from Kosovo and those with English proficiency. Specific defining characteristics, such as the desire to understand local customs for healthcare decisions, demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy. The analysis indicated that cultural background and language skills significantly influence HL readiness among UAFMs. Conclusions Nurses must adopt culturally sensitive approaches and consider the unique needs of UAFMs when delivering healthcare. This involves enhancing their readiness for health literacy through customized interventions, thereby improving overall health outcomes for this vulnerable population. Culturally tailored healthcare is essential to improve HL among UAFMs. Nurses play a key role in addressing these needs, emphasizing the importance of targeted strategies and further research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Claudia Fantuzzi, Giovanna Luccarelli, Lorenzo Sterle, Francesco Zanuttin, Stefano Bardari, Gianfranco Sanson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploring Front-line nurses’ loyalty in Covid-19 Emergency wards: a Grounded Theory study Exploring Front-line nurses’ loyalty in Covid-19 Emergency wards: a Grounded Theory study
Background. Front-line Covid-19 nurses developed a sense of belonging and professional loyalty to the newly established Covid-19 wards, often resisting a return to their original wards after the first wave. Objective. This study explores the psychosocial processes shaping their loyalty, with a focus on the evolution of their personal and professional identity. Methods. A qualitative study based on Strauss and Corbin’s Grounded Theory was performed. Data were analysed using coding techniques, constant comparison and memo-writing. Interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Results. Analysis of 25 semi-structured interviews identified a theoretical model describing the process through which frontline nurses developed professional loyalty in Covid-19 wards. This model comprises four interconnected themes: “Awareness of the importance of their role”, “Confidence acquired”, “Satisfaction with the work accomplished” and ‘Relationships established’, which emerged as the core category. Findings indicate that professional relationships, characterized by mutual support, trust, and shared experiences, were central to fostering loyalty, reinforcing nurses’ identification with their team and workplace, and shaping their long-term professional commitment. Conclusions. These findings highlight the crucial role of a supportive work environment in strengthening team cohesion and long-term commitment. From a practical perspective, fostering strong peer relationships, structured support programs, and clear career progression pathways may enhance nurse retention and mitigate post-crisis attrition. Beyond immediate applications, this study contributes to the broader discussion on workforce resilience in healthcare, emphasizing the need for further research on the long-term impact of crisis deployments on career trajectories and healthcare systems worldwide.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lara Pierboni, Domenica Gazineo, Riccardo Triani, Pamela Bagli, Lea Godino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
PSexuality in Maslow’s Hierarchy: A Cross-Sectional Study on Italian Nurses’ Competence
Background: Sexuality in patients has historically been a taboo topic within the nursing profession and is rarely discussed among practitioners. This study aimed to assess the competencies of Italian nurses regarding patients' sexuality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving Italian nurses (n = 141) using the Comfort and Willingness Scale (CWS). Results: The data indicated that older nurses exhibited a statistically significant difference in their approach to patient satisfaction regarding sexual life (p < 0.001), sexual dysfunctions (p = 0.01), and sexual orientation (p = 0.01). Nurses with over 30 years of experience were more likely to engage in therapeutic discussions about patients' sexual concerns compared to their younger counterparts. Conversely, younger nurses appeared to be more comfortable discussing sexuality than their older colleagues. Conclusions: Nurses demonstrate inconsistent communication around sexuality and lack a standardized vocabulary, underscoring the need for enhanced training in this area of the Maslow's Paradigm. Leading training institutions require training techniques from the nurse education program to address sexuality. Another critical strategy is to promote cultural competence within the professional field by addressing taboos surrounding sexuality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emanuele Primavera, Camilla Marzolani, Serena Pignatelli, Luca Natale https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Impact of Emotional Burden on Caregivers: A Descriptive Correlational Study in the Province of Piacenza
Background: The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) is a validated tool for assessing caregiver burden, while the Distress Thermometer (DT) measures patient distress. Research highlights a correlation between patient and caregiver burden, influenced by treatment type, duration, and disease progression. Interventions targeting caregivers can indirectly benefit patients by addressing insights from these tools. Objective: To evaluate caregiver burden and patient distress and analyze related factors. Methods: The ZBI (22 items, Likert scale, threshold ≥24) assessed caregiver burden, and the DT (threshold ≥4) measured patient distress. Results: Patients were older than caregivers, with both groups predominantly female and residing in Piacenza province. Emotional distress affected 58.38% of patients, with worry and fatigue being most common, while 23.78% of caregivers reported significant burden, primarily fears about the future. A positive correlation (r=0.387) was found between patient distress and caregiver burden. Conclusions: These findings highlight the interconnectedness of patient distress and caregiver burden, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to support caregivers, particularly younger women balancing multiple responsibilities, and to address the emotional and physical challenges faced by oncology patients undergoing intensive treatments Implications for Practice: The significant correlation between patient distress and caregiver burden underscores the importance of integrating routine caregiver assessments into clinical oncology practice Foundational: This study reinforces the established link between patient distress and caregiver burden in oncology. The use of validated tools such as the ZBI and DT to assess caregiver burden and patient distress establishes a reliable framework for assessing these factors in clinical practice
Copyright (c) 2025 Letizia Franzini, Martina Maserati, Gabriele Cremona, Luigi Cavanna, Francesca Costa, Chiara Citterio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Family Engagement in the Care of Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: An Update of a Scoping Review
Background. Family involvement is crucial in pediatric care, promoting collaboration between parents and healthcare teams. However, operational methods vary across contexts and have been further complicated by Covid-19. Objectives. To update the review by Jerofke-Owen and colleagues (2020), examining the state of the art on family involvement in pediatric care. Methods. The Arksey and O'Malley framework was utilized. Data were collected from PubMed, Cinahl, and PsycINFO, including studies in English and Italian conducted between 2020 and 2024. Studies on family involvement in pediatric intensive care units, neonatal units, medical, surgical, pediatric oncology, and palliative care departments were considered, focusing primarily on critical care contexts, in line with the authors' approach. The selection of studies followed PRISMA-Scr guidelines, and a narrative analysis summarized definitions, interventions, and outcomes. Results. The final sample included 46 studies, of which 30 pertained to critical care. The Covid-19 pandemic negatively impacted family dynamics and relationships with healthcare staff. This highlighted the importance of technological strategies to maintain involvement during hospitalization. However, the effectiveness of these strategies varied across different contexts. Conclusions. Family involvement in pediatric care has undergone significant changes due to Covid-19. Hospitals have had to adopt alternative strategies, particularly the use of technology, to ensure continuity of care with families. However, the effectiveness of these technological solutions in improving family engagement has been mixed, suggesting the need for further research and refinement of these approaches.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aurora Manna, Matteo Danielis, Emanuela Guerra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The use of essential oils in improving symptoms in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment: a study protocol
This quasi-experimental clinical study protocol aims to describe a study designed to assess the effectiveness of aromatherapy in alleviating chemotherapy-related symptoms (pain, fatigue, nausea, anxiety, and general discomfort) in cancer patients. The study involves the diffusion of essential oils through cold ultrasonic diffusers between May 2025 and December 2026, within designated areas of the Oncology Day Hospital at ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo. Symptom intensity and quality of life will be measured using the Italian version of the ESAS and SF-12 questionnaires. The study will also explore the perceptions of patients and healthcare professionals through semi-structured interviews. Ethical Committee approval will be required, and appropriate informed consent will be provided to participants.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lara Carelli, Bonfà Melissa, Nicola Santoro, Paolo Ferrara, Elena Sala, Paola Loche, Rita Boaria, Carmela Lombardi, Mauro Moroni, Stefano Terzoni, Laura Di Prisco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The memory of grief. An Investigation into Italian Military Healthcare in the Russian Campaign (1941-1943)
Background: The Russian campaign (1941-1943) represented one of the most dramatic experiences for the Italian army during World War II, confronting healthcare workers with extreme challenges. Objectives: This article aims to analyze the experiences of Italian healthcare providers during the Russian campaign, examining their working conditions, professional preparation, and personal experiences. Methods: The study is based on extensive archival research and critical analysis of memoirs, diaries, and direct testimonies from the healthcare workers involved. Results: The analysis reveals significant operational difficulties, primarily due to material and organizational deficiencies that compromised the effectiveness of healthcare provision. The sources reveal important differences in the experiences of various healthcare providers, offering a complex, multilayered overview of medical assistance in extreme war contexts. Conclusions: These testimonies not only preserve the historical memory of a traumatic experience but also provide valuable insights for contemporary professional practice, highlighting the importance of resilience and adaptability in critical conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrea Antonello, Elisa Rimoldi, Paola Ripa, Anna La Torre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Technological innovations in the outside-hospital emergency service: a literature’s review
BACKGROUND: The use of advanced technologies significantly improves the timeliness and quality of healthcare, especially in out-of-hospital emergency settings. Digital Health promotes a person-centered healthcare system and technological innovation. Objective: This narrative review aims to identify new technologies applicable to the out-of-hospital urgent and emergency system, with particular attention to the Health Alarm System. It also seeks to evaluate the impact of these technologies on the quality of telephone dispatch and the effectiveness of rescue interventions. METHODS: The research was conducted in July 2023 using databases PubMed, Cinahl-Ebsco, Ilisi, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Studies published since 2013 in English or Italian, available in full-text format, were included. RESULTS: Innovative technologies improve the management of out-of-hospital emergencies. Among the main findings, three articles address continuous patient monitoring, four discuss the rapid transmission of geolocation data and clinical conditions via SMS and email, and four focus on the use of video calls, which enable dispatchers to visually assess and provide real-time support. CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of technology in out-of-hospital emergency services enhances dispatcher-caller interaction, performance quality, and response times. However, many technologies are still experimental or underused, resulting in fragmented application.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chiara Virgili, Alessandro Delli Poggi, Domenico Giuseppe Landolfi, Michele Angelo MilatinoSgambati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
42nd SIAN National Congress - May 6,7,8, 2024, Riccione
Report of the 42nd SIAN (Society of Nephrology Area Nurses) National Congress held on May 6,7,8, 2024, in Riccione, Italy. The Congress, through plenary expositions and workshops, covered the following topics, reported here: - Renal Genetic Diseases - Competencies of the nephrology and dialysis nurse in the international context - Self Care And Technology In Hemodialysis - Renal Transplantation Between Tradition and Innovation. New tools for long-term care - Areas of focus and the nephrology and dialysis nurse's skill acquisition pathway in Italy - Literature reviews and practical exercises within primary literature databases - The Family Nurse in Peritoneal Dialysis: experience ASST NORD MILAN - Territorial management of peritoneal dialysis: the possible areas of intervention of the Family and Community Nurse - Digitization and Information Technology. Information systems serving peritoneal dialysis specialist nursing care - Peritoneal Dialysis and Artificial Intelligence. - Peritoneal Dialysis Yesterday and Today - Green Nephrology
Sustainability assessment in operating rooms: content and face validation of the green theatre checklist
BACKGROUND: This study describes the process of translation, adaptation, and validation of the Italian version of the Green Theatre Checklist (GTC), a tool designed to improve environmental sustainability in operating rooms. The aim is to reduce the environmental impact of the healthcare sector, which contributes to 5% of global carbon emissions, with a particular focus on operating rooms, one of the most impactful areas. The checklist was developed by the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh to provide practical guidelines on how to minimize carbon emissions during surgical procedures. METHODS: The validation process took place in Italy between June - October 2024 and involved a heterogeneous sample of nurses, doctors, and academics. International guidelines for the translation and cultural adaptation of instruments were followed, with two independent translations and a comparison between versions. The validation included verifying the comprehensibility, clarity, and relevance of the checklist items. RESULTS: Results showed a good level of acceptability (S-CVI = 0.93), with the exception of some items that were subsequently modified to improve clarity. CONCLUSIONS: The Italian Green Theatre Checklist represents a useful tool to guide healthcare personnel in making surgical practices more sustainable without compromising the quality of care. This study provides an important contribution to promoting more sustainable healthcare in Italy, with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of the sector and raising awareness among operators towards more responsible practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martina Batino, Elisabetta Mezzalira, Federica Pirro, Francesca Gigola, Antonino Morabito, Daniele Ciofi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Proactive Monitoring of Chronic Conditions Using WMDs in Primary Care: Protocol of a Multicenter Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial Across Italy and Finland
BACKGROUND: Wearable monitoring devices (WMDs) have emerged as a promising tool for supporting self-management of chronic conditions, but sustained long-term use remains a challenge. This multicentre feasibility randomized controlled trial aims to develop and evaluate a proactive monitoring intervention utilizing WMDs for individuals with chronic conditions in primary care settings across Italy and Finland. METHODS: The intervention will be developed following the Medical Research Council framework, guided by the Self-Determination Theory. Focus groups with stakeholders will inform the design of the intervention procedures, training materials, and strategies to promote sustained WMD use by facilitating competence, autonomy, and relatedness. The feasibility trial will randomize participants to either the WMD intervention group, receiving proactive monitoring by family and community nurses, or a control group receiving standard care. Outcomes include usability, feasibility (recruitment, attrition, technical difficulties), implementation (continued use, adherence), quality of life, self-efficacy, and health service utilization. Qualitative data will explore cultural differences between the two countries. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By prioritizing stakeholder engagement, theoretical grounding, and pragmatic considerations during the intervention development phase, this study aims to develop a feasible and effective proactive monitoring program to enhance chronic condition management through sustained WMD use in primary care across different European contexts, enhancing the opportunities for nurses to have advanced tools for patient monitoring and self-efficacy strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elisabetta Mezzalira, Luisa Saiani, Anna Axelin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Innovative model for older inpatients falls predictors assessment: a prognostic cohort study
Background. In-hospital falls are avoidable accidents, but continue to be a high prevalent and incident patient safety issue. The 60% of falls are caused by more than one factor. An early identification and assessment of inpatients' high risk of falling, at the beginning of hospitalization, is unclear. Objective. The study evaluates prognostic factors that predict inpatients’ falls in a consecutive cohort of subjects. Methods. A prospective multicentric prognostic cohort study was conducted between April 2015 and December 2016. The study involved 12 wards of Northern Italy. A total of 11,768 hospitalized patients, potentially at risk of falling, were included. The variables evaluated included gender, age, difficulty getting out of bed, history of falling, vertigo or dizziness, physical impairments, going to the bathroom more than two times for a nurse shift, patients with cardiovascular or neurological drug treatment and risk of falling. The Conley Scale was also assessed. Results. Multivariate regression analysis showed that female gender, difficulty getting out of bed, history of falling, dizziness or vertigo in the last three months, physical impairments, as balance and impaired gait, judgement/lack of safety awareness, cardiovascular or neurological drug treatment were associated risk factors of falling. Conclusions. This study identifies key predictors of in-hospital falls and proposes an innovative model for the early assessment of older in-patients’ fall risk. These findings can guide the development of risk assessment models and inform future research on leveraging electronic medical records to enhance fall prevention strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lea Godino, Daniela Mosci, Elisa Ambrosi, Luisa Sist, Roberta Decaro, Paolo Chiari, Domenica Gazineo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Role and competencies of the research nurse in oncohematology: a systematic review of the literature
BACKGROUND: the growing complexity of onco-hematology clinical trials shows the research nurse as a unique figure of its kind today. The lack of a clear and common job description at an international level, the sharing of activities with other non-nursing figures and the heterogeneous level of training raise elements of ambiguity with respect to his role. Aim: to analyze the role and skills of the clinical research nurse in onco-hematology in the international context. METHODS: a systematic review was carried out according to PRISMA statement; the search in the MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane databases produced 302 results. In total, 15 sources published from 2000 to 2020 were included in the systematic review. Results: the review highlights 6 roles of the research nurse in onco-hematology (direct assistance, research activities, coordination of clinical trials, health education, training/consultancy, advocacy) with 7 skills (clinical, methodological, communicative-relational, autonomy, critical thinking, leadership, team work). All studies identify these roles, with the exception of clinical trial coordination. It was not possible to systematize the nursing skills as they were often not explicitly mentioned in the studies. Furthermore, in literature it is noted that a lack of higher education reference excludes the research nurse from the role of specialist. CONCLUSIONS: despite the role delineation tools found in literature, the scope of practice of this professional and his responsibilities remain ambiguous. Qualitative studies and surveys targeting research nurses could help delve deeper into perceived role confusion in the field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manuela Mampieri, Italo Ciaralli, Immacolata Dall'Oglio, Andreea Cristina Schiopu, Massimiliano Chiarini, Matteo Amicucci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Adolescent boredom during hospitalization: a literature review
Introduction Adolescence is a developmental phase characterized by significant physical, psychological, and social changes. During hospitalization, adolescents are particularly vulnerable, often experiencing boredom and emotional distress. This review aims to analyze the determinants of boredom during hospitalization and identify strategies to mitigate it. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Psychinfo, and Scopus databases. Articles focusing on hospitalized adolescents with acute illnesses were included. Study selection and analysis were performed following PRISMA guidelines. Results Twelve studies were identified, highlighting isolation, inadequate hospital facilities, and prolonged hospitalization as the main determinants of boredom in adolescents. Preventive strategies included the use of interactive technologies, recreational activities, and parental involvement. However, the scarcity of specific studies, particularly in the Italian context, emphasizes the need for further research. Conclusions Boredom represents a significant issue for hospitalized adolescents, negatively affecting their psychological well-being and the quality of their hospitalization experience. It is essential to implement targeted strategies involving adolescents, parents, and healthcare professionals to improve the hospital experience and support recovery. Keywords Boredom, Adolescents, Hospitalization, Health, Health literacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iryna Zavadina, Stefania Mondini, Sonia Lomuscio, Greta Ghizzardi, Domenico Scognamiglio, Giuseppina Ledonne , Raffaella Gualandi , Stefano Maiandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pilot study of Italian translation and cultural validation of a debriefing assessment tool: the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH)
BACKGROUND: Debriefing is a critical component of the experiential learning process; therefore, it is essential to have shared tools to assess its quality and provide structured feedback to instructors. The Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) is a tool designed to support the development and evaluation of debriefing skills. OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) tools into Italian. METHODS: A systematic process was followed, including forward translation, review, and back translation of all scoring forms and the DASH Rater's Handbook. The original DASH authors reviewed the back translation and discussed with the translators to produce a harmonized and approved version. RESULTS: The DASH scoring forms and Handbook underwent three iterative revisions between the translators and the reviewer, who met online to achieve consistent language across all scoring forms and the Handbook. Nine discrepancies were identified between the back translation and the original tools, all addressed by the authors of the Italian version. No discrepancies were found in the back translation of the Handbook. CONCLUSIONS: Applying the DASH in appropriate contexts is expected to yield positive outcomes, offer objective feedback to debriefers, and improve the quality of conducted debriefings, potentially positively impacting learning outcomes. Future research will be needed to evaluate the tool's long-term stability, robustness, and reliability in its Italian version.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sonia Lomuscio, Pierluigi Ingrassia, Andrea Mastroieni, Mauro Parozzi, Michela Bernardini, Greta Ghizzardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Safety, quality, and continuity of care in surgical settings: analysis of the nursing handover process
BACKGROUND: The handover process is crucial for ensuring the quality and safety of healthcare, particularly in surgical settings, where patient transfers between different teams increase the complexity of care. Ineffective communication during handovers is one of the main causes of adverse events. OBJECTIVE: To explore nurses' perceptions of the handover process in surgical settings within the Marche Region and identify key information necessary for an effective and safe transfer of patients between surgical wards and operating rooms. METHODS: An exploratory survey using a questionnaire was conducted. The tool was distributed online to nurses working in surgical wards and operating rooms. RESULTS: The findings revealed a strong consensus among nurses on the importance of an effective handover process, with 99% recognizing it as crucial for patient management. However, only 55% rated the current handover process positively, while 34% found it inadequate. A significant majority (95%) supported the implementation of a standardized tool for information transfer. The study also identified specific information deemed essential by nurses for both pre-operative and post-operative phases. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the critical role of a well-structured handover in ensuring continuity of care and patient safety in surgical settings. It emphasizes the need to improve existing tools by integrating essential information and proposes the adoption of a digital system to enhance the accuracy, timeliness, and traceability of clinical data during handovers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Domenico Lombardi Fortino, Patrizia Santoiemma, Giovanni Lagalla, Flavia Carle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Nursing Case Management Intervention to Improve Time Management and Satisfaction of Healthcare Providers in Palliative Cancer Care: A Pilot Pre-Post Feasibility Study
BACKGROUND: Managing an oncology palliative care pathway is often burdensome for professionals. PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of implementing a dedicated nursing case management service to improve time management and task satisfaction among healthcare providers and administrative staff in an outpatient palliative care setting. METHODS: A pre-post survey study was conducted from February to August 2023. All professionals in an outpatient palliative care clinic estimated daily time spent on each activity and their task satisfaction before and six months after implementing a nursing case management service. Data on collection procedures, clarity of instructions, measure relevance, adequacy, and intervention implementation were also gathered. RESULTS: Eleven professionals participated in the study. All feasibility measures were considered appropriate by responders. After case management implementation, palliative care physicians reported less time spent on treatment plan setup (-7.00 min/day), phone calls (-27.8 min/day), and completing reports and administrative records (-13.7 min/day). Nursing anamnesis (-10.0 min/day) and care coordination and organization (-15.8 min/day) showed a reduction in time between T0 and T1, and satisfaction about the latter varied from 3 to 5.5 points. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed study design was considered feasible and adequate by all responders. The introduction of a nurse case manager led to a reduction in telephone calls and administrative documentation for medical staff, and increased job satisfaction. Bigger and more robust studies are needed to investigate the impact of a nurse case manager on satisfaction and time management of professionals in Palliative Cancer Care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Viviana Fusetti, Alessandra Pigni, Sara Alfieri, Cinzia Brunelli, Maura Lusignani, Augusto Caraceni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Nurses' perception of the Sexuality of individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: a qualitative study protocol
BACKGROUND: The nurse, part of the care team, plays a key role in the different stages of care and rehabilitation process of the person with spinal cord injury. Its role is carried out in the promotion, care and maintenance of the sexual health and well-being of the person with spinal cord injury. AIM: To explore nurses' experiences regarding the sexual sphere of adult persons with spinal cord injury, especially by identifying facilitating or obstructive factors in addressing the dialogue with caregivers and the strategies used to promote their satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is intended to conduct a qualitative phenomenological descriptive study with convenience sampling. Individual face-to-face, semistructured, open-ended question interviews will be conducted with nurses on wards that receive people with myelopathic conditions. The content of the interviews will undergo coding and categorization according to the themes that emerged during the analysis using the Colaizzi method. EXPECTED RESULTS: The application of this research protocol will provide further information on the knowledge, approach, and disposition of a cohort of Italian nurses have regarding the sexual sphere of people with myelopathy. Lastly, it will be possible to identify the specific skills that are used for the fulfillment of this need if it is compromised.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jesus Francisco Javier Leon Garcia, Marcella Ghiani, Federica Maugeri, Alessia Sorrenti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Mental Health Triage in the Emergency Room: literature review and development of an algorithm
BACKGROUND: During the last decades there has been a considerable increase in the incidence of psychiatric disorders worldwide along with an increased need to improve both inpatient and community-based nursing care, given the significant negative impact that these conditions have on patients' quality of life. Very frequently people suffering from acute psychiatric disorders go to emergency rooms (ER) to receive immediate nursing care and support, so it’s essential for the triage nurse to be able to evaluate the patients with appropriate and specific assessment tools. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the literature searching for specific assessment tools for the mental health triage (MHT), afterwards it’s been developed an evidence-based assessment tool together with an algorithm, both suitable for the Italian healthcare system. METHODS: The inclusion and exclusion criteria were established, after that was conducted a literature research in the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo and Cochrane Library; 16 articles were selected for the qualitative review. RESULTS: All the studies included in the narrative review emphasized the importance of the use of specific tools for the MHT, since they ensure an objective and standardized evaluation and the assignment of the correct level of priority to the patients; this allows patients to avoid long waiting times and overcrowding of the ER, thus limiting the patients’ distress. CONCLUSIONS: Since the study’ results showed the benefits for both patients and nurse staff related to the use of specific assessment tools, it’s recommended their use in all the healthcare facilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gloria Carroni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Communication as a complex act in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: survey with on patient and caregiver
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a condition characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle paralysis and resulting in impairments in movement, respiration, swallowing, and speech. As the disease progresses, individuals with ALS increasingly struggle to communicate their needs, experiences, and emotions. This situation necessitates the adoption of new communication methods, such as Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), by both individuals with ALS and their caregivers. This study aims to explore the communication challenges faced by individuals with ALS and their caregivers, as well as the utilization of alternative communication methods. A questionnaire was administered to 20 individuals with ALS and their 39 caregivers. The findings indicate that communication difficulties are experienced by both individuals with ALS and their caregivers, often restricting communication to essential matters. Additionally, 50% of the participants reported having access to an AAC device.
Copyright (c) 2025 Simona Tufoni, Laura Grappini, Isabella Baglioni, Fabio Sarzana, Enrico Ceroni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Nursing pain management: a cross-sectional observational study
Pain remains a critical and often underestimated issue in clinical practice despite existing guidelines and legislation. This cross-sectional study, conducted among 150 nurses from the AST of Ascoli Piceno, aimed to investigate nurses' knowledge and perceptions regarding pain assessment and management. Findings revealed limited participation in pain-related training (only 11.5%) and inconsistent use of standardized assessment scales, with 30% of nurses not using them at all. Most participants reported relying primarily on pharmacological interventions, and over 70% admitted to encountering difficulties in managing pain, primarily due to the absence of prescribed analgesic therapy. The study highlights the need for targeted educational initiatives, implementation of standardized protocols, and greater interdisciplinary collaboration. Strengthening pain management strategies is essential to ensure a holistic, patient-centered approach that aligns with current ethical and legal standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 Valentina Bastiani, Davide Miniscalco, Stefano Marcelli, Gloria D'Angelo, Chiara Gatti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The nursing profession: challenges, intentions to leave and new roles.
In recent years, the nursing profession has been experiencing significant challenges. Despite the efforts made during the COVID-19 pandemic, many nurses today express their intention to leave the profession mainly due to the lack of adequate recognition. In this already difficult context, a new professional figure is emerging, the nursing assistant. However, the introduction of these new support figures may not solve the underlying problems of the nursing profession, on the contrary, it risks further reducing the attractiveness of the profession. Therefore, it is essential to urgently implement policies that improve working conditions and that recognize the value of the nursing profession by offering concrete paths of professional growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 gianluca azzellino, Patrizia Vagnarelli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Early identification of risk factors in the development of delirium and prevention
Delirium is a common disorder that affects a significant percentage of the hospitalized population, with negative impacts on health and healthcare costs. This research aims to identify the risk factors for the development of delirium and analyze the most effective preventive strategies. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cinahl, Embase, and the Joanna Briggs Institute. The results highlight that there are both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to prevent delirium, with particular effectiveness of non-pharmacological strategies, such as the HELP (Hospital Elder Life Program) protocols and the NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines. The analysis shows that delirium manifests variably, depending on individual vulnerability and risk factors. Therefore, the most effective preventive strategy is not standardized but must be personalized according to the patient's specific needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gaia Faccini, Cristina Angelini, Riccardo Balconi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Observational study on Lifestyle Behaviours and Nutrition in individuals undergoing genetic counseling for breast or colorectal cancer risk
BACKGROUND: Healthy lifestyles are associated with cancer risk reduction. Individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes may be motivated to adopt health-protective behaviours. OBJECTIVE: This study explored lifestyle behaviours associated to cancer risk reduction among individuals undergoing breast or colorectal cancer familial risk assessment. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was performed through a self-administered questionnaire, including: the Italian validated Medi-Lite and the International Physical Activity validated questionnaires (to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Physical activity), items on cancer risk perception, lifestyle and surveillance. RESULTS: Forty-two women and eight men (age: 19-80 years) responded; 19 were affected by breast cancer, four by colorectal cancer, 27 were unaffected but had a family history of breast (n=23) or colorectal (n=4) cancer. The majority perceived their general lifestyle as moderately healthy. However, 16 (32%) were current or former smokers, 37 (74%) drank alcohol and 18 (36%) were overweight or obese; 21 (42%) showed low adherence to Mediterranean diet and seven (14%) reported low exercise. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was generally low (Medi-Lite score: 8.8±2.6): a low adherence was significantly more frequent in participants of lower education level (67%), compared to those with high education level (17%; p=0.044). Participants at higher cancer risk were significantly more likely to smoke: 63% of those at high risk, 40% at intermediate risk and 14% at standard risk were current or former smokers (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a need for raising awareness on the role of the lifestyle in cancer risk modulation among individuals at increased familial risk.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lea Godino, Donatella Fabbro, Benedetta Bertonazzi, Daniela Turchetti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Role of Nursing Leadership in an Ethical and Sustainable Organization.
BACKGROUND: Nursing leadership plays an essential role in achieving the goals of the UN Agenda 2030, based on the 17 SDGs. There is an overlap between the SDGs and nursing ethical principles. The responsibilities of nursing leaders include ensuring the application of ethical principles in nursing care and creating a work environment with high ethical standards. Therefore, nursing managers influence an organization's values, attitudes, and behaviors. OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of nursing leadership in an ethical and sustainable context METHOD: A literature review was performed between March and June 2024, analyzing the available literature through the PubMed database. RESULTS: The results indicate that leadership in nursing is critically important. It can influence patient satisfaction, nursing workload, and turnover. Despite the ontological duty to the figure of the nurse manager itself, the correlation between nursing leadership and ethical and sustainable outcomes is still hidden. The cause appears to lie in the managerial class's lack of education on the specific topic. CONCLUSION: Many studies have analyzed the topic of the SDGs for nursing professionals. In this ethical and sustainability-inspired reasoning, it is important to include the head of the nursing supply chain: the nurse manager. Thus, it would be appropriate to consider ethics and sustainability an identity element of nursing management and overhaul the educational and organizational system to make this relationship inseparable.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sipontina Rita Zerulo, Maria Romilda Filice, Chiara Maddalo, Angelo Pirreco, Federico Ruta, Davide Ulvieri, Bruno Cavaliere https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0